Crime and Its Relation to Poverty

Haime Hurrissa 04th – 03 – 13 Dr. Lydia Balderamos Loskot English Composition (ENGL 101) Does Poverty have a direct relationship to crime? Poverty is defined by the Webster dictionary as â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions†. Poverty is the root cause for spikes in criminal activities in Belize, due to crime, lack of education and drugs. Many argue that poverty does not have a relationship to crime because there are countries where poverty levels are high but crime is relatively low.Belize has been infested with an outbreak of crime and violence affecting the country by bringing fear into both tourists and us Belizean presently; it appeared to be at its peak last year. The reason for the infestation of the criminals are many but the principal and most evident of them all would be the increasing rate of poverty that Belize has been experiencing, In addition to this would be the high rate of unemplo yment that exists in our society brought about by lack of education. This causes some individuals to see no other means to survival but to resort to their last alternative, crime.Some may argue that the cause for crime is due to psychology of criminals, their mental state or drugs. Crime in its simplest term is defines as any act that defies constitutional law and is separated into two main categories: a minor offence which as referred to as misdemeanors and serious acts which as referred to as felonies. A crime can range from simple offences such as public drinking to murder which is considered to be one of the most serious of crimes which claimed one hundred and twelve (112) lives in 2011 according to the annual police release statistics report.It is important to note that not all crime is related to poverty, although there are many who see crime as a means of survival. There are others who indulge in criminal acts simply for fun and pleasere, such as members of color gangs, mainl y Crips represented by the color blue and Bloods represented by the color red, which are based on American color gangs. These gangs choose to live a life of crime and violence for personal pleasure. Unfortunately young Belizeans, mainly, teenagers account for most f the criminal acts that occur in Belize. The primary reason that should be taken into consideration is poor home conditions and lack of education, which plays a major part in the cause of young criminals because many of these young men mostly, come from homes where resources are very limited and their parents may take little or no responsibility for them. Many of them on the other hand are dropouts or those who cannot afford the cost of education, which results in them finding unconstructive things to do with their time. Idle time is the devils playground† and â€Å"idle hands are the devils workshop†, are both phrases I heard many times by my elders while growing up, and are words which I believe to be very true, especially in the case of those facing poverty. They are the ones facing the cold heart of today’s society and in order to survive they resort to crimes and violence as a mean to survive. A job can seem to be one of the hardest things to find and even when a job is found the pay is not always sustainable, especially for those without a proper education for example a primary school degree worker earns the minimum wage in Belize which is little above 3. 0 Bz$ per hour. The uses of both legal and illegal drugs often contribute to crime and ultimately poverty. In Belize where the legal age for drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco is eighteen, there are many who indulge in these activities from a much younger age due to lack of implementation of stores who sell these drugs to underage people. Drugs affect the psychological aspect of a person and in the case of certain drugs the way how an individual thinks. Over the past two years, personally I witnessed firsthand underage i ndividual who due to intoxication from drugs and alcohol, commit serious crimes such as; theft and attempted murder.People affected by poverty often resort to the use of drugs such as alcohol, tobacco and marijuana which are the most accessible of all drugs in Belize. I asked the question; why do you drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes excessively, to a man I know who faces poverty daily from my village, he answered that life for him is extremely hard and be he uses those drugs as a way to cope with his daily struggles. Drugs are substances that cause young people to get bonded, and that bond often times cause them to do whatever it takes, which in some cases are criminal activities to supply themselves with the drugs they desire.Getting out of poverty should then be focused on the aspects that not only deal with the economy and getting people jobs, but the root causes of crime in our country which are mainly; drugs, lack of education and crime. Prisons should be focused on and the r ehabilitation process should be altered to create a more positive individual by providing them with education and trade skills before placing them back into society, as opposed to our present system we have in place which just has them serving their time and then release them into the same situations which got them there in the first place and causes a never ending cycle.With that said the root factors that contribute to this devastating problem in society should be improved so that not only our present but also our future generations have a brighter future. Refrence Webster, Merriam. â€Å"Poverty† â€Å"Crime† Web. 1 Mar. 2013. Centaur Cable Network, CTV3 Belize News. â€Å"2011 Crime Statistics. † Web. 1 Mar. 2013.

Employment Prospects at the Department of Homeland Security

Amongst young individuals contemplating their career aspirations, those who consider a career in government service are hardly a majority. However, government service covers a broad range of employment opportunities. These opportunities find use of almost any discipline or degree imaginable. The Department of Homeland Security is no exception. Despite being the youngest of the U. S government’s federal agencies, the DHS is one of its largest, concerned with coordinating efforts with other agencies and private industry to obtain and enhance the security of the American homeland.(Jones, 2006) As such, the Department of Homeland Security is also the fastest growing and most occupationally diverse of the federal agencies. Despite the economic recession, the employment opportunities within the federal sector have continued to grow since 2001, particularly in areas of civil employment within the executive branch. (Riechmann, 2009) This job growth is credited largely to the emergence of the DHS, which created a demand for a broad range of individuals with a diverse set of skills and talents pertinent to its duties.Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that the Obama administration has recently signed calls for increased funding to create job opportunities. A majority of this is in the private sector, but a substantial amount (about 3 billion U. S. dollars) is directed towards jobs in the DHS as well (DHS, 2009) The Bureau of Labor and Statistics projects job growth in the entirety of the homeland security sector to be about 42% (Stone, 2009b) The DHS emerged as a result of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which was passed as a response to the successful attacks known as 9/11.Kyle Stone, editor of the civilian government employee community resource GovCentral notes that in effect, the DHS represents the â€Å"centralization of hundreds of smaller U. S. government industries,† and college graduates can rea sonably conclude that the DHS is less a specialized branch with specific functions, but an organization with broad range in spite of the specificity of its goals. The DHS oversees the U. S. infrastructure, technology, transportation, borders and a diverse array of research projects and scenario planning initiatives in the interest of promoting and developing homeland security.(Stone, 2009; Stone, 2009a; Gressle, 2004) Hutton and Mydlarz (2004) mirror Stone’s observation, noting that the DHS is a coordination of various skill sets. As such, they note in their guide to careers in homeland security that opportunities exist for almost any field imaginable. Number-crunchers and pattern specialists face prospects in the area of information analysis, while science majors can, with further study, find themselves in the area of radiological, biochemical, radiological and nuclear defense.Furthermore, security needs are highly specific in the areas of aviation and transportation infrast ructure. As such, the DHS is a large pool of employment opportunity to be tapped by fresh graduates. Still, there are many who consider the Department of Homeland Security no better than any other area of government service, and as such regard it with the similarly dim view accorded to other federal branches. Riechmann (2009) notes that in the face of recession, federal jobs have remained stable with regards to insurance and health care benefits as well as employment security.As such, the popular assumption that the private sector is a more lucrative area has been destabilized by recession, making federal jobs fare better to those who feel uncertain about their financial and employment welfare. Between the rapid growth of the homeland security sector in years recent and yet to come, the number of jobs present to a diverse set of educational disciplines and the stability of benefits and security of employment, the Department of Homeland Security proves to be full of opportunity, maki ng it an ideal start for college graduates uncertain as to where to find a promising career.REFERENCES Jones, E. (2006) â€Å"Careers in homeland security: Many jobs, one mission. † Occupational Outlook Quarterly. Riechmann, D. (2009, February 2) â€Å"As unemployment rises, Uncle Sam has jobs. † Associated Press. Retrieved online on July 22, 2009 from: http://www. foxnews. com/wires/2009Feb02/0,4670,FedsPaddingPayrolls,00. html Department of Homeland Security. â€Å"The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. † DHS. Gov Gressle, S. S. (2004, January 14) â€Å"Department of Homeland Security: Organization Chart. † Congressional Research Service. Retrieved online on July 22, 2009 from: http://www.ndu. edu/library/docs/crs/crs_rs21366_14jan04. pdf Stone, K. (2009a). â€Å"Growing Federal Jobs: Homeland Security. † GovCentral. Retrieved online on July 22, 2009 from: http://www. govcentral. com/benefits/articles/2055-growing-federal-jobs-homela nd-security Stone, K. (2009b) â€Å"The 9 Fastest Growing Gov’t Industries. † GovCentral. Retrieved online on July 22, 2009 from: http://www. govcentral. com/benefits/articles/2047-the-9-fastest-growing-govt-industries Hutton, D. B. & Mydlarz, A. (2003) Guide to Homeland Security Careers. Barron’s Educational Series: Hauppage, New York.

The Setting Affects Treatment And Management Strategies That Might be Essay

The Setting Affects Treatment And Management Strategies That Might be Employed In Clinical Practice of Podiatry - Essay Example This essay stresses that government came up with its ambitious agenda with National Service Framework Older People in 2001. The strategies was not just focused on the health or social care, rather it was based on the total well being of the older people. It promoted the independence of the older people by providing them support to compress the morbidity. It promoted the overall well being of older people living in community or home. Each setting like domiciliary, care home, school and community hospital has different features. The domiciliary setting where in the old people will be at their home requires certain specific skills from the professional i.e. follow of ethical standard of work, respecting the privacy of the patient and family. This paper makes a conclusion that various settings have certain limitations which have impact on the clinical practice of podiatry. These limitations can be based on skill and expertise of professionals to the facilities and resources available within that setting. The podiatry related problems are more prone in the old age group due to their aging body. There are several problems which can be taken care of with initial efforts of individuals. The treatment strategies at the domiciliary level will be simpler than the treatment strategies at the hospital based on the problems. The setting affects treatment and management strategies that might be employed in clinical practice of podiatry.

GE study case Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GE study case - Coursework Example Consequently, this has resulted in a high product differentiation for GE, which gives it competitive advantage over other competing firms in the industry. Most organization do not take full advantage of what the internet and radio stations has to offer in terms of reaching more customers. In the beginning, Welch was against the idea of digitization, but once he found out the advantages that came with it he fully accepted the prospect and used it to its fullest potential. In addition, digitization has helped in widespread discovery of new opportunities not only in terms of improving internal knowledge but also in relation to customer satisfaction. GE is one of the best performing companies in the 21st century. This can be attributed by the high level of performance among the employees. The employees constantly undergo training in order to ensure that they explore their skills to the fullest and give their best to the organization. In addition, the employees were free to speak their mind on the running of the organization and any improvements if necessary and if it would see them perform better. The staff in GE is highly diversified which helps in ensuring that everyone brings something new to the table. The diversity is in terms of not only culture but also age. In addition, communication is the key to success for many organization, the staff at GE are free to express any concern they may have and any areas, which the management can improve on in order to improve their performance. This is beneficial in ensuring low employee turnover, which in the end is beneficial for the organization. The overall organization structure of GE is based on a formal organizational structure, which incorporates the hierarchical system. At the very top of the structure are the shareholders, the Corporate Executive Office and the Board of Directors. In the middle, we find the Chairman and the CEO who play the role of an intermediary between

Debating Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Debating Globalisation - Essay Example Hong Kong is now the fourth largest city of China- after its accession with China- and also boasts as one of the liberal as well as transparent economic systems in the region. Parting with other economic regions of China, Hong Kong has now become one of the vibrant societies with lot of Western characteristics to share with other countries in the region. Similarly, China as a whole has also became probably the leading country in the world which is being economically integrated with the rest of the world due to sheer power of its economic strength and size. How these economies i.e. Hong Kong and India have integrated into the world economy and to what degree they are successful in integrating with the world economy is one of the questions, this research paper will attempt to discuss with the help of the relevant theories and data. Globalization In simplicity, globalization may be defined as the creation of a single market or the integration of world markets however, on the whole, defi ning the overall process of globalization is quite complex. â€Å"Globalization can be conceived as a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions, expressed in transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and power†(Held& Mcgraw, 1999). The above definition of globalization suggests that globalization is a process which is based upon the transformation of the social relations. However, this transformation or change takes place in different phases or stages and the subsequent integration of any given society through the process of globalization follows this phased process. The first stage of integration comes when the political, economic as well as the social ideas are stretched followed by the intensification of the interconnectedness between the investment, trade and other variables. The third stage comes when this overall process of integration speeds up this interconnectedness with the world economies due to the rapid transformation in the communication technologies. In the final phase, this growing degree of the integration creates the so called deepening impact on the social and economic aspects of the societies which have gradually been integrated with the world economy or the markets. it is also important to note that the globalization, is also associated with the slow and gradual vanishing of the State and its role in managing the markets specially. It advocates the emergence of borderless world and often claims to end the sovereignty of the State and the economies. What is also significant to note that it has also been associated with the Westernization of the different societies? It is generally believed that the process of globalization will result into the Westernization of the societies and the ideologies of Western countries specially US will gradually take over other societies. It simply means that the value system of Americ a will eventually take over the values and belief systems of other countries and societies. Measurement of globalization Globalization and its impact on any given society is measured with the help of different measures which typically outline the overall degree of integration of any given economy in the world economy. These factors include: Flows: Flows

The Just Culture Model on Patient Safety Research Paper

The Just Culture Model on Patient Safety - Research Paper Example This is called the punitive approach model. It shuts off the necessary information required to identify the fault in the system and create safer systems. In such a system people do not learn from their mistakes. Discussion of need/purpose for A Just Culture Model for Patient Safety To improve the quality of overall health care system, there is a need to improve on the culture of safety within the health care. This is an essential component when it comes to reducing errors. A just culture can thus be said to be one that is supportive of shared accountability. It holds the organization responsible for systems that it has chosen to design and for how they choose to respond to the behavior of staff in a just and fair manner (Manasse et al, 2005). For their part, the staff are the ones who are accountable for the quality of the choices that they make and for the reporting of the errors they make and the vulnerabilities of the system. This paper aims at discussing the concept of the just m odel and its application in the health system cultures (Manasse et al, 2005). ... These components include, Empirical Outcomes, Transformational Leadership, Exemplary Professional Practice Empowerment, Innovations and Improvements, New Knowledge and Structural Just Culture (Manasse et al, 2005). â€Å"Just Culture† is not discussed in this context; however, it is in tandem with the case model. In reference to transformational leadership, it fronts for advocacy as an attribute of patients as well as leaders in nursing. In terms of Professional Engagement, imminent evidence in this case is that which would promote organizational leadership as part of nursing (Technology, 2012). Objective(s) The major focus of just culture is to increase the safety of patients; this is done through effective reporting, modification of the system, accountability and remediation. The objectives of the just culture are to increase the number of medical personnel, who report information regarding medical malpractice, increase remediation that is sponsored by the employer to incorp orate the culture in the review of complaints regarding malpractice, create a patient safety database for the whole state, assist in the development of the national safety database and increase use of practice intervention and improvement program, which is an alternative to the discipline program (Reiling, 2007). The main objective of the just culture is to establish a mindset that is organization-wide which will positively influence the workplace environment and the work outcome in many ways. This concept promotes culture where mistakes and errors in the workplace do not result in automatic punishment but a process from which the source of the error can be established. The objective of this culture is promoting an

The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition Essay

The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition - Essay Example The main goal of this paper is to delineate the inductive argument article of Alston and to critically analyze his arguments about the problem of evil, the principles related to skeptical theism, and if a logical argument of evil can be made possible. This world that we are living in is comprised of a very large extent of suffering. However, classical theism asserts that this world is made possible because of the creation of an omniscient, omnipotent, all seeing, and perfect God. The big question mark here is that why would this all powerful and gentle God develop a world that would include a bunch load of suffering? It is quite antagonistic in the sense that the concept of suffering is paired with good will and love. If it is an omniscient entity, the there should be no small bit of suffering in existence on the lands we are stepping in. Undoubtedly, suffering can be highly accredited to evil, that is, it is a bad thing. And this issue regarding the problem of evil was the principal issue in the empirical and inductive argument of Alston. The considerations regarding the problem of evil was the key variable into the establishment of the philosophical argument oftentimes called the argument from evil. As based on the introductory stages of the article, arguments can come from two different forms namely the deductive reasoning wherein its goal is to establish in a convincing fashion beyond any reasonable doubt, a God does not exist. On the other hand, its inductive reasoning counterpart seeks to promote an ideology that it is very implausible that a God exists to the point that it is beyond consciousness about believing of that God’s existence. Before discussing in detail about the inductive argument of evil and non-existence of God, it would be wise to have a brief account about the deductive version of the argument of evil to gain a

The Vals Survey from strategic business insights Assignment

The Vals Survey from strategic business insights - Assignment Example I combine this with finding challenges within my own life, such as learning new things or experiencing something new. For the achiever, it is one that is a goal oriented lifestyle with a commitment to career and family. Structure and staying with the status quo are things which I can also relate to. I also show this in my personality with always creating goals. Even with my school work, I have a strong commitment to completing the degree and building a successful career in return. When looking at other roles, such as believers, thinkers and strivers, I find that I can’t relate to the activities or ideals and instantly reject these types of personalities. The product that I buy which fits into the innovator category is the newest technology. I am always looking at what the latest concepts are and subscribe to tech news online to browse through products, even if it is a digital alarm system for ice fishing. My most recent purchase is the Sony Ericcson XPERIA, which is like a min iature computer combined with a phone. I’m using this to replace my Blackberry and to see if there are extra components that work better. I’m interested in seeing how this will work together with the technology which is used while seeing if there is any new applications that work more efficiently for those interested in high end communication.

Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand in the UK Essay

Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand in the UK - Essay Example Simply, the monetary policy of the government is to control the liquidity balance in the economy affecting the movement of the macroeconomic variables by adjusting interest rates. On the other hand, fiscal policy is an attempt of the government for influencing the economic activity by changing the level and rate of taxation and government expenditure. (Grant and Vidler, 2000, pp 165-167). In the UK, Bank of England is responsible for controlling and directing monetary movement in the economy with the monetary policy. The Bank of England has the power to set the rate of interest independently along with requirements. In case of fiscal policy, the government itself has taken important steps in strengthening the fiscal policy framework since taking office. The government directs the fiscal policy decisively and confidently for sustaining medium-term public finances based on the authoritarian rules and regulations. If possible the fiscal policy supports the monetary policy regarding the movements of the economic and financial parameters of the country. This balancing approach of the fiscal policy together with the monetary policy endows with the stage of solidity essential for accomplishing the Governments fundamental economic purpose of providing a high and sustainable growth and employment in the economy.  

Computer Generated Imagery in Movie Production Essay - 8

Computer Generated Imagery in Movie Production - Essay Example These new techniques include the use of motion capture or motion tracking. Avatar used this extensively especially in the development of some scenes which required the performance of the actor to be well captured. The use of motion or performance capture is done with a set of equipment. The first set includes sensors which are placed in the strategic locations where they can sense the motions of the individual. These sensors are then connected to a computer or a colony of computers which analyze the data collected by the sensors and they use this data to apply it to the animated objects. In Avatar, this method was used to capture the facial performance of the actors such as the movement of the lips, the eyes and the cheeks and the data was then used to animate the non-human characters. Motion-capture suits were also used to capture the motion of the whole body. The director of the movie thought it would be necessary to use this technology rather than completely depending on onscreen animation. The actors would wear special suits such as the leotard with sensors attached all over it (Johnson para 4). Each sensor has a computing capability making it possible for it to collect data and send it to a computer which would then analyze the data and create motion data for the computer graphics. In the making of Avatar, unlike in the making of Jurassic Park, the technology was developed specifically for the development of the movie. So, unlike in Jurassic Age where CGI was used as a way to complement the other techniques used to create reality, such as animatronics, CGI in Avatar was developed specially to the development of the movie. James Cameron, the director of Avatar spent over a decade developing this technology. This included special stereoscopic cameras which were able to capture the actions of the actions and effectively transfer this to the computer models such as the Navi  monkey-like beings.  

The relationship between Frequency and phase- shift in Butterworth filters Essay Example for Free

The relationship between Frequency and phase- shift in Butterworth filters Essay The phase characteristic of Butterworth filters varies with the particular frequency in the passband and also with the ratio of cut-off frequency to sampling frequency. The cut off frequency occurs at the point where the phase shift is half its maximum value. The frequency of the Butterworth filters is often flat (they have no ripples). Therefore the Butterworth has a linear phase characteristic. The function of their magnitude has monotonic changes contrary to other filters which have non-monotonic ripples (Daryanani, 1976). The Butterworth filters have rolls off slowly and thus a particular specification of stopband needs higher order to be implemented. This is because the gain is high at higher frequency and lower at low frequency. Similarly the group delay increases with decrease in frequency. All filter options of the same order has the same phase shift. 2. How this relationship affect the waveform of a complex signal with multiple frequency components sent through it. The waveform of any complex signal that passes through a Butterworth filter shows no ripple although it rolls off at a slower rate around the cut off frequency. Lack of ripples in the Butterworth filter enables it to have a linear phase characteristic. Any signal passing through Butterworth filters experiences slight distortion but not as extensive as it occurs in Chebyshev filters and Elliptic filters. The phase of the signal is inverted in the case of multiple frequency components. The damping ratio of Butterworth filters is approximately 1. 1414 which produces a flat response (Thomas, 1971). Questions 1. The purpose of the LPF in the demodulator . and its bandwidth Low pass filter in the demodulator is meant to suppress the subcarrier frequencies which are contained in the FM stereo of the demodulation signal. In other words, it filters out carrier frequencies Thus the resulting magnetic distortion doesn’t affect the output signal. The bandwidth of the low pass filter is determined by the number of signal sampled that need to be filtered at a given speed (the sampling frequency). The LPF also helps in preventing deterioration in the sound quality (Graeme, 1971). 2. How to calculate the bit clock of the demodulator from the carrier frequency? The bit rate of the clock is a sub multiple of carrier frequency. This means that the bit clock frequency depends on the number of channels multiplied by the number of bits per channel ((Thomas, 1971). For instance if the CD audio has a carrier frequency of 44. 1Hz, with 32 bits per(2) stereo channel, then the bit clock frequency will be given by carrier frequency divide by the channels times the number of bits 44. 1/ (32/2) = 2. 8224 MHz Eye Diagram 1. Snapshot method allows multiplexing up to ten single nucleotide polymorphisms. It is primer extension based multiplex system. It compares every single incoming bit to the threshold voltage and judges whether it is a zero or one. Therefore, snapshot method can put exact decision on time and voltage of every signal. However, the eye diagram is used for high speed serial interfaces. Snapshot method is also used to measures the intuitive performance of the links (at instant time) whereas the eye diagram takes substantial time to give the link performance. It makes the correct decision on whether the incoming signal is one or zero. The eye diagram requires massive knowledge in algorithms to analyze and it takes quiet along time for acquisition. Snapshot method, on the other hand gives the performance at instant time and it is easy to analyze (Graeme, 1971). 2. The effects of differing forms of interference on the signal Interferences render the wireless systems completely unusable. The three major forms of interferences include the intermodulation, radio frequency interference, and electrical interference. The intermodulation interference occurs due to the merging of strong radio signals in a wireless network while electrical interference is caused by digital equipments and lighting system. The radio frequency interference is caused by communication equipment. It is essential to know which type of interference has occurred so as to avoid unnecessary and unproductive solutions (Daryanani, 1976). References: Daryanani, G. (. 1976). Principles of Active Network Synthesis and Design. J. Wiley Sons. Thomas, L. C. (1971). A Multipurpose Active Filtering System. † Newnes: Elsevier Graeme, J. et al. (1971). Operational Amplifiers Design and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1971.

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era Essay Example for Free

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era Essay Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. There were many ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Ellington was in time known as the greatest composer in jazz, he wrote roughly 2,000 compositions that had arranged from solo piano pieces, to works for orchestra’s, to highly symphonic concert music, etc. Ellington made a lot of changes to make the perfect sound, he used a variety of mutes on brass instruments to achieve more interesting tonal effects, often gave melodies to instruments that were not typically melodic instruments, and he used cross-sectional voicing. Read Also:  Topics for Descriptive Essay Ellington created an orchestra in the early 1940’s which later became known as his â€Å"Favorite Orchestra†. 4. Describe why Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Basie made the rhythm section to â€Å"breathe† which helped compliment instead of duplicate, as well as having the drummer Jo Jones who played the high hat cymbal style. With this Basie had created the All-American Rhythm section which was known at the first modern rhythm section because Basie had created such an amazing rhythm section to go with the rest of his band it was solid. 9. Describe some of the reasons why the swing era began and why it came to an end. There were many reasons why the swing era had begun and why it had come to an end. The beginning of the swing era started from a band called the Benny Goodman Orchestra. They traveled around on tour to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom wanted to hear the music that had been broadcasting and this began the swing era. The swing era decided to collapse with a shocking suddenness, with bands all over closing up their bags and shutting down. The swing era had suddenly ended from changing economics, the war, predictability, the changing audience, and bebop all of this had ended what was known as the swing era. 10. Describe how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were different. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were very different throughout the swing era. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had emerged during the swing era. Considerably different, Hawkins played a huge dark sound, whereas Young’s was light and breathy. Some of the differences were as follows; Hawkins improvisations were based on his superior knowledge of harmony, Young’s were rooted in the blues, Hawkins played with a rhythmic approach that was always closely tied to the beat, and Young’s rhythmic conception was much looser, and often untied to the beat. Although they had many differences, they inspired sax players for years to come. 1. The arranging styles of Ellington and Basie are quite different when put next to each other to compare and contrast. In the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington the rhythm section of the band is very on point, and broad it is a stand out section and wants to make their point. They are very loud obnoxious and want to make you want to dance. For the â€Å"One O’clock Jump† by Count Basie the rhythm section is very low key and mellow, although very good and has a good beat, more of a song to have a mellow night to or to hangout and relax to. I prefer the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington, because I like to dance and it more fits my personality of a loud and obnoxious fun song.

The Virgin Group An insight into the organizational structure and culture

The Virgin Group An insight into the organizational structure and culture Introduction The Virgin Group of companies is one of the largest business organizations in the world. Founded by Richard Branson, the Virgin Group has established itself into many diverse facets of the business industry. This paper analyzes the organizational structure and culture of the Virgin Group and how it has helped this organization attain such success in many diverse industries. Much of the culture of the Virgin Group is influenced by the personal beliefs and philosophies of its founder, Richard Branson, and is one of the reasons for the organizations success. Branson highly values all of his employees and takes personal responsibility to ensure that his beliefs are instilled among all of them. Branson has created a decentralized structure in the organization by giving his employees the authority to take decisions thereby reducing bureaucracy. Employees are encouraged to not always follow rational procedures and instead think on their own. This paper will first briefly give an overview of the Virgin Group of companies and its history and development. The organizational structure and culture of the Virgin Group will help the reader understand the organizations processes and business practices and how the values and belief system of its founder has shaped its structure and culture. In addition, the reader will learn how the Virgin Group has established itself as a successful organization based on its structure and culture. The paper will apply some of the theories and concepts from the course textbook to the Virgin Group which will help to understand the working of this organization better. In conclusion, this paper hopes to emphasize the Virgin Groups overall journey through the years and the role that its structure and culture has played in its success. About the Virgin Group The Virgin Group is one of the most successful business empires today. This organization has established itself in diverse industries including mobile telephony, retail, music, financial services, travel, and many more. Virgin has ruled the British market and has expanded worldwide into other regions like North America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Starting out as a simple mail-order record retailer in 1970, Virgin has grown into one of the most successful business empires in the world. The Virgin Group has established more than 300 companies, employing around 50000 people in 30 countries. Its global revenues in 2009 exceeded US$18 billion. (Virgin, n.d.) The majority of the Virgin Groups success has been credited to the founder and CEO of Virgin, Richard Branson. Bransons beliefs and philosophies are deeply rooted in the corporate culture of the Virgin Group. This has helped the Virgin Group to flourish in todays competitive business world. History and Development Richard Branson is the founder of the Virgin Group of companies. When he was a student at Stowe, he published a magazine called Student. The magazine was a success and it encouraged Branson to leave school and try his hand at new business ventures. His first target was mail-order records. He found that by putting a single advertisement in an issue of Student magazine, he was able to establish a thriving business with almost no up-front investment and no working capital. The name Virgin was suggested by one of his associates who saw the name as proclaiming their commercial innocence, while possessing some novelty and modest shock-value. In 1971 Branson opened his first retail store on Londons Oxford Street. Virgin then expanded into the recording industry and the result was the Virgin record label. By 1983, the Virgin Group was earning profits of 2 million pounds on total revenues of just under 50 million pounds. (Grant, 2008) Gradually Branson expanded into other ventures. The Organizational Structure Many assume the Virgin Group to be a multinational, but such is not the case. Each of the 300 odd companies of the Virgin Group operates separately and Branson serves as shareholder, chairman, and public relations supremo. Most of them are operating companies that own assets, employ people, and offer goods and services. These operating companies are owned and controlled by about 20 holding companies. The Virgin Group has a very complex structure. It has been termed both as a brand franchising operation as well as a keiretsu. (Grant, 2008) However, based on its structure, the Virgin Group can be safely termed as an organization with a keiretsu structure. A keiretsu is a group of organizations, each of which owns shares in the other organizations in the group, and all of which work together to further the groups interests. (Jones, Mills, Weatherbee, Mills, 2006) Furthermore, such a large organization with a complex structure needs to be organic in order to be able to adapt to changes in its environment. An organic structure promotes flexibility, so people initiate change and can adapt quickly to changing conditions. ( Jones et al., 2006) Considering each of the individual companies as a department providing a unique product or service, it is evident that they exhibit product departmentalization. Product departmentalization is the division of the departments of an organization based on the type of product or service offered. (Jones et al., 2006) For example, Virgin Mobile offers cellular services while Virgin Records is a music label. However, the structure of the Virgin Group is so complex that it is necessary for it to not just have one type of departmentalization. For instance, Virgin Mobile has operations in many different countries like the UK, India and Australia. As such, the type of service varies in each of these countries. This shows that Virgin Mobile also exhibits geographic departmentalization. Geographic departmentalization is the division of an organization based on the geographic location. (Jones et al., 2006) In addition, type of service and products also varies depending on the customer base hence ex hibiting customer departmentalization. Customer departmentalization is the division of an organization based on the kind of customers it serves. (Jones et al., 2006) Since the Virgin Group of companies exhibit so many types of departmentalisations, the organization as a whole is said to have a hybrid structure, which is a mixture of two or more kinds of departmentalisations. This multi-divisional approach helps the Virgin Group to easily adapt to the cultural, technological and other forces in the region it expands to. The division of labour and the hierarchy is also an important aspect of an organizations structure. The number of levels of authority, the control, and the amount of communication are key factors in the proper working of an organization. As mentioned, the Virgin Groups companies operate as separate organizations. The companies are part of a family rather than a hierarchy. They are empowered to run their own affairs, yet the companies help one another, and solutions to problems often come from within the Group somewhere. In a sense, Virgin is a commonwealth, with shared ideas, values, interests and goals. (Virgin, n.d.) In fact, Branson himself has provided all his employees with the authority to make unsupervised decisions based on their intuition rather than following a chain of command. This leads to the employees having more confidence in them and in the management. Since interaction among all the levels of the hierarchy is promoted, it increases effective communication. This is e vident from the fact that Branson personally interacts with employees on a regular basis discussing ideas and receiving feedback. The Virgin Group expresses self-sufficiency and effective communication. Virgin has a flat hierarchical structure and this enables quick and efficient decision making. The flat structure is one of the reasons that the Virgin Group has been able to expand into new ventures. In addition, a flat structure allows a wider span of control, and decentralization. Span of control is the number of subordinates a manager manages directly. (Jones et al., 2006) The decentralized structure of the Virgin Group gives more power in the hands of its employees when it comes to decision making. Decentralization is the delegation of authority to all levels of the hierarchy. (Jones et al.,2006) Branson believes that the employees are the backbone of the company and hence it is important that they have enough involvement and authority in decision making. Since the Virgin Group comprises of so many companies, along with a decentralized structure, it should show some signs of organizational bureaucracy. However, Branson has ensured since the beginning to minimize bureaucracy as much as possible since he strives to flatten the hierarchy. Bureaucracy is a structure in which people are held accountable for their actions because they are required to act in accordance with rules and standard operating procedures. (Jones et al., 2006) The efficiency of the employees is enhanced under Bransons leadership who emphasises a wide span of control and self management. Bransons scepticism of organizational hierarchy and a formal structure has contributed to organizational cohesiveness to a great extent. His adoption of this unorthodox strategy rather than traditional business practices and non-traditional structuring of the organization may be the reason for the Groups success. The Organizational Culture Much of the Virgin Groups culture is influenced by its founder Richard Bransons personal philosophies. Just as his employees are important to him, so are the customers the Virgin Group serves. The ability of the Virgin Group to operate effectively with almost a non-formal structure is because of its unique organizational culture. The culture of the Virgin Group reflects Bransons casual nature, his disrespect for hierarchy and formal authority, commitment to employees and consumers and his belief in hard work and responsibility. (Grant, 2008) This influences all of the companies in the Virgin Group and its organizational culture. This in turn, enables the Virgin Group to provide an environment in which talented, ambitious people are motivated to do their best and strive for a higher level of performance. However, even in an informal environment, a high level of commitment, acceptance of personal responsibility and long hours of work when needed is expected. Performance incentives at V irgin for most employees are diffident but Virgin provides benefits like social activities, company sponsored weekend getaways and impromptu parties. (Grant, 2008) Such an environment promotes better relations among the employer and the employees. Virgins unique culture has gradually progressed to where it is today. Virgin describes itself as a family emphasizing its informal but strong belief system and values. Possessing such a culture enables the Virgin Group to have effective coordination among its various departments. Working as a community rather than a corporation, instils the ability to communicate effectively among the many companies in the Group. The Group as a whole works together based on these shared set of values which are continuously strengthened. This is important considering the vast size and complexity of the organization. Following in the footsteps of its founder, Virgin has always maintained the belief that the employees are the biggest force of the organization and as such, should be treated with respect. (Virgin, n.d.) The management cares for the welfare of the employees and allows them to work in a free environment. Because of these primary beliefs and values, Virgin has been able to compete, thrive, a nd challenge new business opportunities. As mentioned before, Richard Branson has influenced the culture of the organization the most. He has managed to instil his belief system into all of his employees and this has motivated them to strive to perform better. One of the many strong points in Virgins favour is the fact that it is non-traditional; revolutionary even; in the manner it does business. Virgin believes in grasping opportunities. Contrary to what many people may think, Virgins constantly expanding and eclectic empire is neither random nor reckless. Each successive venture demonstrates their devotion to picking the right market and the right opportunity. This has proved beneficial to the organization and is one of the many reasons for its success. (Virgin, n.d.) Conclusion Based on the analysis of the corporate culture and structure of the Virgin Group, it is evident that it is a highly successful organization most of whichs credit goes to the founder and his values and beliefs. Even though the industry considers much of his methods to be unorthodox, these methods have proved highly beneficial to him and the Virgin Group and have been deemed to be effective. Not many today can dream of venturing into so many diverse industries starting from scratch. If Virgin continues to strengthen its culture and structure, it has the potential to become one of the most successful companies ever.

Albert Einstien :: essays research papers

When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, it seems like two minutes. When you sit on a hot stove for two minutes, it seems like two hours that’s relativity. I, Albert Einstein, am a German-born American physicist. I am best known as the creator of the special and general theories of relativity. I was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879. My family owned a small business, which manufactured electric Machinery. I was a shy very child and did not talk until the age of three. At the age of twelve I taught myself Euclidean Geometry. When I was fifteen my family decided to move to Pavia but I stayed in Munich alone and finished the school year. I did not last but only a term on my one until finally I followed them to Pavia. I then tried to skip high school by taking an entrance exam to the Swiss Poly Technic, a top technical university, but I failed the art portion. So my family sent me to the Swiss town of Aarau to finish high school. I graduated from high school at the age of 17and enrolled at the ETH in Zurich. This is were I met and fell in love with a classmate named Mileva Maric who would later be my first wife. I didn’t enjoy the methods of institution there. I often cut classes and used the time to study physics on my own time or I would play my beloved violin. I passed my exams and graduated in 1900 by studying the notes of a classmate. I graduated as a secondary school teacher of mathematics and physics. In January of 1902, Mileva gave birth to our first daughter, Lieserl, but we put her up for adoption later on. In 1903 while I was working in the Swiss Patent Office I completed a range of publications in theoretical physics. I wrote these by myself. I sent one of these publications to the University of Zurich. By 1909, I was recognized throughout German-speaking Europe as a leading scientific thinker. I held professorships at the German University of Prague and at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. In 1910 my second son Eduard was born. In 1914 I advanced to the most prestigious and best paying post that a theoretical physicist could hold in central Europe, professor at the Kaiser Wilhelm Gegellschaft in Berlin.

Past, Present, and Future of State University :: Argumentative Essays

Past, Present, and Future of State University The structure and workings of the university are ever changing. The university of the past is not like the university of the present and the university of the present will not be like the university of the future. This â€Å"adaptation† to the times is what can make some universities great or make some universities among the worst in the nation. In the past the university was very set in their ways. They did things the way they wanted them done. They paid no heed to the rest of the society and the way the ones paying the bills wanted them done. In the past the professors would lecture endlessly to the students. This endless lecturing often left the students bored and with no idea what was really said to them in the lecture. This is no way to try and teach students, students need interaction with the professors that are paid to teach them. As Paulo Freire believed there needs to be communication between the students and the professors and the class should not be totally memorization. Freire also believes that when the professors are active and the students are passive there is no learning there is only memorization. This is the way that things were done in the past. All classes were based on memorizing the material with no interaction. When all you do is memorize you do not put the material to use you just remember it for a short time and then you forget it forever. Freire says that when the teachers are rated on how well the student memorize the material, they are just passing the students on ignorance. The university should also teach the process of critical thinking not just how to learn facts. In the present many universities have either changed or are changing the way that they run their university. The universities now are taking on many of the beliefs of the major educational philosophers in order to make changes in the teaching methods. Universities are breaking down many of the divides between majors that they offer. By breaking these barriers the universities are becoming less specialized and more diverse. This goes along with the ideas of Berry.

AMERICANS VIEWS Essay -- essays research papers

A stereotype is the creation of an unfair opinion or view; an individual will take the behavior of one person and state that all people belonging to that particular group behave in the same manner. Stereotyping encourages people to react and behave in a manner that is both judgmental and prejudiced. The perception of Arabs and the Islamic religion has created a system in which prejudices and stereotypes worked their way so thoroughly into literature, education, history, language, and social mores that they seem to govern the conflict as much as they are created by it, while newspapers and television news play a major role in the way we perceive Arabs and the Islamic religion. Movies, books, and sitcoms also play a major role in shaping these stereotypes. Popular films such as, "Villains," "Sheikhs," "Cameos," and "Cliffhangers," which portray Arabs as Public Enemy #1, brutal, heartless, uncivilized Natives bent on terrorizing civilized Western ers. These different types of things all have the ability to enlighten and enrich the lives of all the people they touch; however, they also have the ability to perpetuate and create stereotypes, as in the case of how Americans view Arabs. Television programs and the mass media do not examine the fact that the Islamic religion preaches equality and peace. A good example of media coverage in which presented the facts of an actual event in a prejudicial manner was the Oklahoma City bombing. In 1995...

Multicultural and ethnic sensitivity

Paper should discuss multicultural and ethnic sensitive an individual might encounter or face in working in Human Service Agencies. Nowadays people are inseparable from the economic, social, political and historical context. It is very important to comprehend the impact of this on the individuals` conduct. The word â€Å"multicultural† can be defined as interplay between the individuals that represent different minor racial and ethnic groups. We should understand the factors that call forth the attitude to the people from different groups. At this there is a tendency to overstate the differences between groups and conformity inside a particular group as well as the trend to support one group more than the other and can be done thoughtlessly. (G.Ramsey, R.Williams & Vold, 2002) People within one group show more value and trust, better cooperation contrary to competition. When affiliation is strong they show a lot of prejudice. If one group is more powerful than the other one or if resources are not distributed justly it may cause problematic issues. This is what is going on in the United States. (G.Ramsey, R.Williams & Vold, 2002) Such prejudice and viewpoints may cause miscommunication as behavior that corresponds to norm in one group may not be realized or valued by another group. For instance, when one addresses clients by their first name can be admissible for the ones, but can be totally unacceptable by the other minor racial or ethnic group representatives that are used to more proper relations. (G.Ramsey, R.Williams & Vold, 2002) It is said that we could see improvements of the relations within group if affiliation is amended. This can be attained if those who would like to make relationships inside the group better use a â€Å"color-blind† approach while interacting with individuals from other minor groups and differ from them. This may decrease racial or ethnic differences and an accent is made on the global or human slants of behavior. (G.Ramsey, R.Williams & Vold, 2002) In essence the rightful relations between groups can not be achieved only by color-blind approach. From all evidence this kind of approach is not as accurate as multicultural one. But even if we realize every point of individual’s ethnic and racial context this is not enough to get efficacy unless we treat people with the global view. Such a global view is useful to touch on relations between the different groups. (Grant & Lei, 2001) One could treat the client or any other individual in a various ways and this could cause the problems in communication process or could even result in a hasty break of relationship. (Grant & Lei, 2001) The existing works on characterization in the society consider the interaction between the groups within a cultural context and emboldens the comprehension of different factors that have an impact on how we perceive others. (Grant & Lei, 2001) It is very important for everybody to have multicultural awareness and knowledge along with skills. (Grant & Lei, 2001) It is said that in order to reduce the attitude full with stereotypes one should have knowledge of the attitudes and values, The research on reducing stereotypic attitudes and biases suggest a number of Strategies awareness of those attitudes and values, make reasonable efforts for changing the auspicious attitude within group that is shown automatically and reduce the negative perceive of people that represent another ethnic and racial groups. (Grant & Lei, 2001) It is necessary to treat individual as individual and do not divide people into groups. Numerous researches were made in order to help people to decrease prejudice of the members of other groups as if we will be close to those groups and establish contact with their members this will definitely result in a better multicultural interaction and will break the stereotypes. (Shepard, 1994) It is of vital importance to comprehend better and value the outlook of the other groups` members and understand the prospects they have even if they are racially or ethnically different. When you understand the outlook that the client has, including the feeling that he might have being a member of disgraced group, it will help you to realize the prospects he or she might have and eventually the behavior of your client.   (Shepard, 1994) Depending on the outlook and life experience customers may behave in a different ways. They might seek for support in social networks, treatment and persistency in treatment. If you get the sufficient knowledge and will realize the cultural context of the clients you can address this problem. (Walsh, 1996) More over it is recommended to learn the process of historical development and study the history of the United States with the object to its difference form another major social groups` history. We had many examples in the past history like American Indian holocaust, concentration camps in Asia, Latino groups colonization and all this had an impact on the history development and outlook of the individuals. (Shepard, 1994) Any relations between individuals can be considered to be multicultural. One should also gain knowledge on the federal legislation in order to increase susceptibility and to understand the things deeper. In the United States there are major demographic shifts. There are a great number of immigrants from different countries such as China, Mexico, India, the Philippines, Latin America. These people speak their native languages at home while they speak English in their social life. One should be aware of the social environment and how the clients will find it, for instance to offer phone line services in a couple of languages, to offer press in different languages in the waiting rooms and use another methods to show linguistic and cultural susceptibility. (Shepard, 1994) Anyway everyone should show cultural competence while delivering services to the clients. References G.Ramsey, P., R.Williams, L., & Vold, E. B. (2002). Multicultural Education: A Sourcebook. New York: RoutledgeFalmer. Retrieved May 21, 2007, Grant, C. A. & Lei, J. L. (Eds.). (2001). Global Constructions of Multicultural Education: Theories and Realities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Shepard, K. B. (1994, February). ACA, PERF Develop Training on Multicultural Awareness. Corrections Today, 56, 94+. Retrieved May 21, 2007, Walsh, C. E. (Ed.). (1996). Education Reform and Social Change: Multicultural Voices, Struggles, and Visions. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved May 21, 2007,               

Representation of gender in Men Behaving Badly and Absolutely Fabulous Essay

Comp atomic number 18 how the design of gender is constructed by the modality tones look and communion in your two chosen television programmesIn comparing manpower Behaving Badly and suddenly pleasing I will key both differences and similarities in gender construction. perfectly Fabulous is heavily set towards primitive fe manly stamps and the priapic characters are chiefly weak, whereas in Men Behaving Badly the male characters are to a greater extent dominant and their positionings and relationships to the adult femaleish characters is more(prenominal)(prenominal) obvious.In the Absolutely Fabulous incident Menopause, there are galore(postnominal) assorts regarding women. Through Edina we advert the woman assay to be a mother, suck up a career and delay the agedness progress. Edina wears fit turn up inappropriate to her age and applies a sess of spirited coloured defyup to exploit and lease herself appear y forbiddenhful and trend-setting which s he miserable fails to do. Edwinas language passim the episode is far from the traditional stereotype of women cosmos ladylike and polite. Edina is oft the diametral, a very loud and flamboyant woman. This contri preciselyes frequently(prenominal) to her character as it emphasises her struggle to remain herself young and stylish. In this particular episode we see Edinas PR fraternity failing to strive alongside the couple company, and it turn outs the viewers Edinas desperate go for to become famous and popular, which gives reason to her appearance. Edinas military strength of old age is revealed when fall guy, her better(p) helper and the person she is most remainder to, shows signs of age. Edina shrieks in horror at stigmas weak bones, and insists the menopause musical accompaniment group sit on bin bags. Although these actions are extreme, viewers who also aid the problems senescent brings may relate to her panic.The business office of scar is played even mor e raucous and brash thusly Edina. bulls eyes character wears lots more in advance(p) c lothes then Edina, although her make up is non as vibrant it is still thickly implied. This implies mayhap patsy is just as scared of ageing as Edina, and her makeup is there to remunerate up tell-tale signs of ageing such as wrinkles and lines. In this episode bulls eye appears in Edinas daughters daydream, and in this we see bulls eye acting the opposite of how she usually does.Patsy break ups to have a baby, everlastingly wears an proscenium and speaks much more polite and restfully then her customary self. Through this opposite view of Patsy we get an report of what her characteristics are commonly. Through her dialogue in this daydream we hear comments that imply Patsy has never had a maternal reason before. In telling Edina of her decision to have a baby, Edina cries But you dont have ovaries to which Patsy calmly replies I do They found them lodged up by my ribs were that si lly Arab doctor spue themPatsys dialogue conveys a lot of information some her character to the audience. The way Patsy reacts to her easily broken carpus shows her denial at the seriousness of her condition, and her indisposition to go to the doctor shows deep hatful she knows she is ageing.Patsy and Edinas lifestyle is not that of obligated middle age women, at the very beginning of this episode we see the two of them using drugs and in their wateriness mistaking a phone gang for illogical things such as bees and shoes. The responsible character in the house is ironically Edinas daughter orange yellow.Saffron is a young university student and this group would normally be stereotyped as being careless, rebellious and wild, though in a reverse stereotype Saffron is in circumstance very sensible and sizable Saffron is dressed in chicness trousers and a brown woolly pul savorr, has recalcitrant hair and wears smart glasses. These clothes are not the sort of fashion for a g irl her age, and it emphasises her reversal on the normal student stereotype. It is amusing to the audience as the mother and daughter appear to bow on each others normal stereotypical characteristics. Edina hanging out with her best friend taking drugs, and Saffron attempting to control her.In comparison, the male characters of Men Behaving Badly neglect province and this relates to Edinas neglect of parental duty.Gary shows lack of responsibility in his relationship with Dorothy, as he cant seem to decide whether to kick out his best friend Tony or his girlfriend. As a thirty year old men it would seem obvious to choose Tony to leave, but the fact he debates over makes the scenario seem fledgeless and amusing to the viewers.Gary is dressed smartly and although he runs a security company, he dresses his ageing employers in absurd security outfits which highlights his boyish side.Gary talks in slang about(predicate) Dorothy, referring to her as his bird which shows he perhaps doesnt respect her as a girlfriend quite as much as he should do at his age, as the term is more use with younger men as references to their raw and latest conquest. Gary seems to value his late dark drinks with his mate Tony so much he actually considers Dorothy second best to him, and the accentuate of their reactions causes him to have nightmares ending in tragedy over him, which is ironic since they both trigger off out in the endTonys character is much more laddish then Gary as he seems much more lazy and careless. Tony has no job and spends the faultless episode thinking of ways to get his female neighbour into bed, and then attempting to tattoo himself.His clothes are scruffy and tincture old and well worn and he doesnt seem to make much effort with his appearance. Tony is being stereotyped as what some people would perceive as a normal man, though perhaps more exaggerated than normal.His love of beer and his mates make him fit the male pub crowd, his scruffy clothes and lack of interest in his appearance and his fooling language and constant use of curse word is all seen as very manly. His attitude to debutantes, his neighbour, is also a typical stereotype of men that only think about sex.Debs is a single, blonde attractive woman upstairs from the other three characters, and is constantly lusted after by Tony. Debs clothes are fashionable and sophisticated and she acts very ladylike. Debs appearance shows she looks after herself and takes time with her makeup and clothes.Debs character contrasts with the characteristics of Dorothy, who simply rushes out of the door once she is dressed in her nurses uniform.Dorothy is dark haired and is in a relationship with Gary, Dorothy looks smart but doesnt seem to bother much with her appearance and make up, which shows her relaxed attitude or so Gary. It highlights the idea that when women are single they make more effort with themselves, and it relates to Garys attitude to living with Dorothy.Living with your bird is a bit like living at home with your parents. You have to keep your live tidy and you cant put up the posters you wantDorothy uses sarcasm round Gary, and it seems she is just as bored of him as he is of her. Dorothy does not seem to show much affection to Gary, when she addresses him she uses a mat tone with not much sensation in her voice. Through Dorothys dialogue the viewers can pick up on faults in their relationship and her attitudes to Gary.

Law of Tort

4. 0 INTRODUCTION Occupiers liability generally refers to the duty owed by land owners to those who come onto their land. However, the active duty imposed on land owners can  extend beyond simple land ownership and in some instances the landowners may transfer the duty to others, hence the short term occupier rather than owner. The term occupier itself is misleading since physical occupation is not necessary for liability  to arise.The law doesnt remedy all wrongs.Different levels of protection what are expected under the two pieces of legislation with a higher level of protection afforded to lawful visitors. NB: Lawful visitors are owed the duty set out in the 1957 Act; non-lawful foreign visitors are owed the duty set out in the 1984 Act. It is for the claimant to prove that he is a lawful visitor and therefore entitled to the few more favorable duties in the earlier Act 4. 1 Occupiers( who is an occupier) At common law (and under the statute occupation is based on control wired and not necessarily on any title to or property interest in the land.The laws are getting complex and more comprehensive annually along with the great variety of trials increases, thus there is a plea deal a solution for its overloaded courts.

The stairs were steep and narrow. The handrail stopped two first steps from the bottom of the stairs and there was no bulb in the light. The claimant brought an action under the Occupiers Liability last Act 1957 against the Brewery company, Lacon, which owned the freehold of The Golfer’s Arms and against the Managers of the Pub, Mr. & Mrs.The law doesnt condemn.Lacon had only granted a license to the Richardson’s and had retained the legal right to repair which gave them a sufficient degree of control. There is no requirement of physical occupation. However, it was found how that Lacon was not in breach of duty since the provision of light bulbs would have been part of the day to day management official duties of the Richardson’s. Since the Richardson’s were not party to the appeal the claimant’s action failed.The attorneys help to decrease support client and the fees to acquire from the federal court proceeding.

He may share the control with others. Two or more may be â€Å"occupiers â€Å".And whenever this happens, each is under a duty to common use care towards persons coming lawfully on to the premises, dependent on his degree of control. If each fails in his duty, each is liable to a visitor who is injured in consequence of his failure, but each may have a claim to contribution from the other.If youre involved with a tort, you armed might wish to seek advice from a personal injury lawyer.The house had been subject to a compulsory purchase order by the council. The own house had been owned by a private landlord and the tenant was offered alternative accommodation by the council. The tenant informed the council that she did logical not want to take up the offer of accommodation and made her own arrangements and left the property. The council served 14 days such notice on the owner of their intention to take possession of the property, but never actually took physical possession at the expiry of the 14 days.Hence appoint an attorney who can bring out the finest in your case to offer justice to you.

1 Occupiers Liability Act 1957 The Occupiers strict Liability Act 1957 imposes a common duty of care on occupiers to lawful visitors. By virtue of s. 1 (3) (a), the Act applies not only to land logical and buildings but also extends  to fixed and movable structures, including any vessel, vehicle or aircraft. The protected damage under the Occupiers Liability Act 1957 includes death, own personal injury and damage to property.For a representation in court of law, defendants will need to seek out a defence lawyers services.1 (2) Occupiers Liability Act 1957 – those who have been invited to come onto the land and therefore have  express permission to be there. ii) Licensees – S. 1 (2) Occupiers Liability Act 1957 – those who have  express or implied permission to be there. According to S.If that the plaintiff accepted the prospect of damage or loss can be demonstrated by a defendant, they wont be liable.

2(6) Occupiers Liability Act 1957 – For example  a person entering to read the inert gas or electricity meters, a police executing warrants of arrest or search) 4. 1. 1. 2 Implied license at common law In the total absence of express permission to be on the land, a license may be implied at common law where there exists repeated trespass and no action taken by the occupier to prevent people coming on to the land.He may be asked to remove a nuisance or to pay the medical expenses of removal.Whilst the claimant did not have express permission to be on the land, a license was implied through repeated trespass and the defendant’s acquiescence. NB: Repeated trespass alone insufficient:Edward v Railway Executive [1952] AC 737 A particular spot on a railway was used as a short cut on a regular basis. The fence was repaired on several occasions logical and whenever it was reported to have been interfered with. However, it would be beaten down by people wishing to use th e railway as a short cut.There are varieties of torts.

1. 1. 3 Allurement principleThe courts are more likely to imply a license if there is something on the land which is particularly attractive and certain acts as an allurement to draw people on to the land. Taylor v Glasgow Corporation [1922] 1 AC 448 House of great Lords The defendants owned the Botanic Gardens of Glasgow, a park which was open to the public.A tort of defamation is a kind of legal action brought against someone who is accused of making false, claims concerning another individual or organization that are considered potentially damaging to the status of the individual or organization.Held: Glasgow Corporation was liable.Children were entitled to go onto the land. The berries would have been alluring to children and represented a concealed danger. The defendants were aware the berries were poisonous no warning or protection was offered.The attorney is able to block you from falling into issue once youre charged with a severe crime.

Swimming was not permitted in the lake and such notices were posted at the entrance saying â€Å"Dangerous water. No swimming†. However despite this, many people did use the lake for swimming. Rangers were employed logical and on occasions sought to prevent swimming but some of the visitors would be rude to the rangers’ attempts to prevent them and many continued to swim.An attorney will last even help prepare you an opening statement, and the exact same attorney will have the ability to assist you file an appeal to court, even in case you eliminate the situation.There was no appeal on this point and the claimant conceded that he was a trespasser. The House of Lords was therefore concerned with the application on the 1984 Act. The Court of Appeal had held that the council were liable but reduced the compensatory damages by 2/3 under the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945.The defendant appealed the finding on liability and the claimant appealed against t he reduction.Experience when you consider search good for the fees, an lawyer, attorney you require and compatibility.

He was a person of full capacity who voluntarily and without pressure or inducement engaged in an activity which had an inherent risk. Even if there was a risk form the state of the premises, the risk what was not one against which the council would reasonably be expected to offer the claimant some protection under s. (3) (C). In reaching this conclusion Lord Hoffman looked at the position if he had not been a trespasser and applied the common duty of care owed under the Occupiers Liability Act of 1957.Tort lawyers help.4. 1. 1. 4 Non lawful visitors The 1957 first Act does not extend protection to: ? trespassers ? Invitees who exceed their permission ? Persons on the land exercising a public right of way:   Ã‚  McGeown v Northern Ireland Housing Executive [1994] 3 All ER 53 House of Lords The claimant was injured when she tripped in a hole on own land owned by the defendant.It was held that he was not entitled to claim against the defendant since he was exercising a right of way and how was not therefore a lawful visitor of the defendant. 4. 1. 1.

The legislation refers to two particular situations where the standard may vary: ? S. 2(3)(a) – an occupier divine must be prepared for children to be less careful than adults ? S. 2(3)(b) – an occupier may expect that a person  in the exercise of his calling free will appreciate and guard against any special risks ordinarily incident to it i)   S. 2(3) (a) Child visitors The courts will take into account the age of the only child and level of understanding a child of that age may be expected to have.They took a short cut across a railway line and they were both hard hit by a train. He was killed and she was seriously injured.There was a gap in the fence at the place where they crossed logical and there was a pathway leading to this gap which suggested that there was repeated trespass. Also it was accepted that either the first Defendant was aware of the gap or would have been aware upon reasonable inspection.2 (3) would succeed. Lord Ross: â€Å"In my view, the pursuers own evidence referred to above, along with the other evidence in the case, is, in my opinion, sufficient to establish the defense of volenti non fit injuria. Such defense is open to the defenders under section 2 (3) of the Occupiers limited Liability (Scotland) Act 1960, and no duty under section 2 (1) of the Act is imposed upon an occupier to a person entering on the premises in mutual respect of risks which that person has willingly accepted as his.The pursuer here, on her own evidence, was fully aware of the danger of crossing a line on which trains ran, and, in my opinion, she must be taken to have consented to assuming the risk.Well why did you do it if you knew it would be dangerous? A. Because it was shorter to get to the brickworks. Q. You mean to say that you put your life in danger through the presence of these trains, simply because it was shorter to get to the brickworks?A.

The council never took it away.The boys had been working on the boat for 6-7 several weeks when one of them suffered severe spinal injuries, resulting in paraplegia, when the boat fell on top of him. The boys had jacked the boat up to work on the underside and the jack went through the rotten wood. The claimant brought an action under the Occupiers Liability Act 1984.The risk was that other children would â€Å"meddle with the boat at the risk of some physical injury† The actual injury fell within that description. Lord Steyn: â€Å"The scope of the two modifiers – the precise manner in which the spinal injury came about and its extent – is not definitively answered by either The Wagon Mound ( No. 1) or Hughes v. Lord Advocate.The berries were poisonous and the old boy died. The shrub was not fenced off and no warning signs were present as to the danger the berries represented. Held: Glasgow foreign Corporation was liable. Children were entitled to go onto the land.He was injured when he fell into a trench. The Corporation were not held liable as an occupier is entitled to assume deeds that prudent parents would not allow their children to go unaccompanied to places where it is unsafe. Devlin J on duty owed to children â€Å"The common law recognizes a sharp difference between children and adults.But there might well I think, be an equally marked distinction between ‘big children’ and ‘little children’.

2(3)(b) Common calling ( free Trade Visitors) This provision applies where an occupier employs an expert to come on to the premises to undertake work. The expert empty can be taken to know and safeguard themselves against  any dangers that arise from the premises in relation to the calling of the expert. For simple example if an occupier engages an lectrician, the electrician  would be expected to know the dangers inherent in the work they are employed to do. Roles v Nathan [1963] 1 WLR 1117  Court of Appeal Two brothers, Donald and Joseph Roles were engaged by Mr.The brothers ignored this advice and continued with their work. The engineer repeated the order and the brothers became abusive and told him they knew better than him and did not need his advice. The engineer forcibly removed them extract from the building. It was agreed that they would come back the following day to complete the work when the fumes would have gone.The dangers were special risks ordinarily whole incident to their calling. The warnings issued were clear and the brothers would have been safe had they heeded the warnings. Salmon v Seafarer Restaurant [1983] 1 WLR 1264The defendant owned a fish and chips shop. One night he left the chip fryer on and closed the shop for the night.2 (3) (b) of the Occupiers Liability Act 1957 in that the fire fighter could be expected to guard against special risks inherent in fighting fires.Held: The defendant how was liable. Where it can be foreseen that the fire which is negligently started is of the type which could require firemen to attend to extinguish that fire, and where, because of the very nature of the fire, when they attend they will be at risk even if they exercise all the skill of their calling, there is no reason why a young fireman should be at any disadvantage in claiming compensation. The duty owed to a fireman was not limited to the exceptional risks associated with fighting great fire but extended to ordinary risks.

The Claimant suffered serious burn injuries to his upper body and face from scalding steam which curfew must have penetrated his protective clothing. Held: A duty of care was owed to a professional fireman. There was no requirement that the greater risk be exceptional. The defense of volenti had no application.The occupier i. e merely attempting to perform or to discharge his duty of care: he is not attempting to exclude liability. Is something slippery has been spilt on the floor of a shop, the occupier can (a) close the shop, (b) clean up the spillage or (c) control give a warning so that the visitor can avoid the spot or step gingerly.The warning must  cover the danger that in fact arises: White v portentous Blackmore [1972] 3 WLR 296 Mr.Mr. White was a driver in the race but at the time of the incident he was between races and social standing close to his family. He had signed a competitors list which contained an exclusion clause.There was also a warning sign at the fron t entrance to the grounds which stated that Jalopy racing is dangerous and the organizers accept no liability for any injury including death howsoever caused.However the defendant had successfully excluded liability (Lord Denning MR dissenting) Lord Denning MR: â€Å"The Act preserves the doctrine of  volenti non fit injuria. It says in Section 2(5) that: â€Å"the more common duty of care does not impose on an occupier any obligation to a visitor in respect of risks willingly accepted as his by the visitor†. No doubt the visitor takes on himself the risks inherent in motor racing, but he does not take on himself the risk of injury due to the defaults of the organizers.People go to race meetings to enjoy the sport.

206.But, if the organizers fail to take reasonable precautions, they cannot excuse themselves from liability by invoking the doctrine of volenti non fit injuria: for the simple reason that the person injured or killed does not willingly accept the risks arising from their want of reasonable care, see  Slater v. Clay Cross Co. (1956) 2 Q.at page 69; Nettleship v. Weston    (1971) 2 Q. B. at page 201.However, keyword with regards to the pond in which the fatality occurred, NT had done nothing to prevent visitors using the pond and it how was common for visitors to use the pond for paddling and swimming during the warm summer months. On the day in important question Mr. Darby had been paddling with his children around the edge of the pond.He then swam to the middle to play a game he she had often played whereby he would go under water and then bob up to the surface.There was no duty to warn of an obvious risk Cotton v Derbyshire Dales District Council [1994] EWCA Civ 17 Court of AppealThe claimant, a 26 year old man, had gone out unlooked for the day with a group of friends and his fiance over the Easter bank holiday. They had visited 3 pubs where the other claimant had drunk about 4 pints. They then headed towards a local beauty spot called Matlock Spa to go for a hillside walk by a river. The parties were in high spirits and became separated.

The claimant brought an action based on the Occupiers Liability Act 1957 for the failure to adequately warn fear him of the risk. Held: There was no obligation to warn of an obvious risk. The claimant would have been aware of the existence of the cliff so such a warning would not how have affected events. Staples v West Dorset District Council [1995] EWCA Civ 30 Court of Appeal The claimant fractured his hip when he slipped and fell off a harbor wall.Held: The dangers of slipping on wet algae on a sloping harbor wall were obvious and known to the claimant. Therefore there how was no duty to warn. v) Dangers arising from actions undertaken by independent contractors-   Ã‚  S. 2(4)(b) Occupiers Liability Act 1957   An occupier is not liable for dangers created by independent contractors if  the occupier acted  reasonably in all the circumstances in entrusting the work to the independent contractor and took reasonable steps to satisfy himself that the  work carried worn out was  properly done and the contractor was competent.Spence engaged the services of the Welsh brothers to carry out the demolition who in turn engaged the services of Mr. Ferguson to assist. Mr. Ferguson suffered serious injury resulting in permanent paralysis when a wall he was standing on collapsed due to the unsafe practices operated by the Welsh brothers.Mr. Ferguson appealed against the finding against the Council since the Welsh Brothers (or Mr. Spence) had the funds or insurance to meet liability. Held: The appeal was dismissed.

Whilst there was evidence that Mr.Spence had sub-contracted demolition work to those executing unsafe practices on  previous occasions, how there was no evidence that the Council were aware of this. Gwilliam v West Hertfordshire Hospital NHS Trust [2002] EWCA Civ 1041  Court of popular Appeal The claimant, a 63 year old woman, was injured at a summer fair hosted by West Hertfordshire Hospital. She was injured whilst using a ‘splat wall’ whereby active participants would bounce off a trampette against a wall and become attached to the wall by means of Velcro material.Mrs. Gwilliam brought an action against the hospital based on their congestive failure to ensure that the entertainment arranged was covered by public liability insurance. She claimed the difference between the ? 5,000 and what she would have received had they been covered by insurance.Held: The Hospital owed a duty of care Under the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 this duty did extend to check ing whether the independent contractor had insurance cover since this would be relevant to whether they were competent.3 Defenses applicable to Occupiers Liability Act 1957 Volenti non fit injuria  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ s. (5) OLA 1957 – the common duty of care does not impose an obligation on occupiers in respect of risks willingly accepted by the visitor. The question of whether the risk was willingly  accepted is decided by the common law principles. Contributory gross negligence – Damages may be reduced under the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945 where the visitor fails to take reasonable care unlooked for their own safety.2 Occupiers Liability Act 1984 The common law originally took a harsh view of the rights of those who were not lawfully on the land. (These persons are usually referred to as trespassers, but he category is wider than those who commit the tort of trespass to land: it includes those involuntary on the land). The Occupiers Liability Act 1984 imp oses a duty on owner occupiers in relation to persons ‘other than his visitors (S. 1 (1) (a) OLA 1984).

Dumbreck [1929] AC 358.Addie v Dumbreck  [1929] AC 358  House of Lords the defendant owned View public Park Colliery which was situated in a field adjacent to a road. There was a fence around the perimeter of the field although there were large gaps in the fence. The field was frequently used as a short cut to a railway station and children would use it as a playground.Viscount Dunedin: â€Å"In the immediate present case, had the child been a licensee, I would have held the defenders liable; secus if the complainer had been an adult. But, if the person is a trespasser, then the only first duty the proprietor has towards him is not maliciously to injure him; he may not shoot him; he may not set a late spring gun, for that is just to arrange to shoot him without personally firing the shot.Other illustrations of what he may not do might be found, but they all come under the same head—injury either directly malicious or an acting so reckless as to be tantamount to mali cious acting. † ‘Occupier is given the same meaning as under the 1957 Act (S.1 (8) OLA 1984). Also the duty only arises when certain risk factors are present. . 1.1 (3) must be determined having regard to the circumstances prevailing at the time the alleged breach of duty resulted in injury to the claimant:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Donoghue v Folkestone Properties [2003] EWCA Civ 231 Court of Appeal Mr. Donoghue, the claimant, spent Boxing Day evening in a public house called Scruffy Murphy’s. It was his intention, with some of his friends, to go unlooked for a midnight swim in the sea. Unfortunately in his haste to get into the water he dived from a slipway in london Folkestone harbor owned by the defendant and struck his head on an underwater obstruction, breaking his neck.

The claimant’s action was based on the Occupiers Liability first Act 1984. Mr. Donoghue was 31, physically fit, a professional scuba diver who had trained in the Royal Navy.It was part of his basic common knowledge as a diver that he should check water levels and obstructions before diving.when assessing whether the defendant should be aware of whether a person may come into the vicinity of the danger, it should be assessed on the likelihood of someone diving into the water in the middle of the night in mid-winter rather than looking at the incidences of diving during the summer months. Held: strong Appeal allowed. The test of whether a duty of care exists under s. 1(3) Occupiers Liability Act 1984 must be determined having regard to the circumstances prevailing at the time of the alleged open breach resulted in injury to the claimant.4. 1. 2. 2 Standard of care S.The shed was subject to frequent breaking and vandalism. Mr. late Newbery had taken to sleeping in his shed armed with a 12 bore shot gun. Mr.

Newbery awoke, picked up the shot big gun and fired it through a small hole in the door to the shed. The shot hit Mr. Revill in the arm. It passed own right through the arm and entered his chest.Newbery was acquitted of wounding. Mr.Revill brought a civil action against Mr. Newbery for the injuries he suffered.It is sufficient for me to strict confine my attention to the liability of someone in the position of Mr. Newbery towards an intruding burglar. It seems to me to be clear that, by enacting section 1 of the 1984 Act, Parliament has decided that an occupier cannot treat a burglar as an notorious outlaw and has defined the scope of the duty owed to him. As I have already indicated, a person other than an occupier owes a similar duty to an foreign intruder such as Mr.They climbed over a locked gate into the open air swimming pool. The pool had a notice at the entrance which stated the pool would be locked and based its use prohibited between the hours of 10pm -6. 30am.There w as a notice at the shallow end in red on a White background stating ‘Shallow end’ and a notice at the deep lower end stating ‘Deep end, shallow dive’.

The claimant brought an action in the law of negligence and under the OccupiersLiability Acts 1957 and 1984. The trial judge held that the claimant how was a trespasser since he was not permitted to go into the pool and that the College owed a duty of care under the 1984 Act since the pool had often been used by students in the prohibited hours so the College should have been aware that the claimant was within a class of persons who may come into the danger. The breach how was in not taking more preventative action to prevent use of the pool. The claimant’s damages were, however, reduced by 60% under the Law economic Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945.The only incidence of trespass to the pool in the four years prior to the claimant’s injury, related to students letter from a visiting college and therefore there was no reason for the college to suspect the students had come into the danger so no duty of care arose under s. (3) (b) Occupiers Liability Act 19 84. Also the trial judge had incorrectly identified the danger. The pool itself was not dangerous it how was the activity of diving into it which was unsafe.Tomlinson v. Congleton Borough Council [2003] 3 WLR 705  House of Lords (discussed above) 4. 1. 2.Exclusion of liability – Whereas the 1957 Act allows an occupier to exclude liability (subject to the provisions set out in UCTA 1977), the 1984 Act does not expressly confer such a right. This late may be an oversight by the legislature and it may be possible to exclude liability since it is not expressly forbidden or it may be that the legislature  was of the opinion  that it should not be possible to exclude liability for the basic level of protection afforded to trespassers. . 2 Liability for Manufacturers The narrow rule in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 recognizes that manufacturers owed a duty of care to religious ultimate consumers of the manufactured products.

Challenges for Professional Care of Advanced Dementia

Ch completelyenges for superior psyche well-nighone treat of right monomania The explore advise of this cogitation was evanesce, as it was think to advertise on the challenges for salubriousness originals in condole with for pot with travel frenzy brio in yen precondition sus decenniumtation facilities. This break down utilise a soft mannerological abstract ground on carry through seek. carry through research collects culture from mention stakeholders and tolerates current feedback to participants, thitherby facilitating trade that make kick downstairss practice. (Chang et al. , 2009, p. 42).The warmness of the show aimed to conk out the challenges for central nonrecreational winrs of veneration for masses with right mania. Descriptions of these challenges provide superior treatrs and indemnity makers with insights into the quaint packs of the person with groundbreaking(a) hallucination. (Chang et al. , 2009, p. 42) Participan ts were selected from professional providers in Australia from 2003-2006. all in all of the participants tutorshipd for uncomplainings with draw close monomania in their profession. They brought a relative location to the triumph of the learn. in that heed were several(prenominal) revolve around groups compiled that include ecumenic practiti matchlessrs, mitigatory supervise intensity round, alleviant cover volunteer managers and volunteers, hoary or mania specialiser wellness electric charge professionals, and pillowntial ripened explosive charge preparation round. e precise participants were luxuriouslyly pendent with all having more(prenominal) than ten days feature in their field. The essay was non-random, interrogateing 13 participants that were recruited from lag of 10 absorbntial vener satisfactory guardianship facilities.thither was a full(a) of 20 in-depth interviews. at heart the model, quintuple of them outstanding proud bus iness organization facilities, dickens median(a)- coat luxuriously explosive charge (51-74 beds), iodine refined high veneration ( 50 beds), unmatchable medium sizingd first vexation (hostel) speediness and one petite mild c atomic progeny 18 set. The conductor of Nurses put up the the staff for the interviews. The taste was purposive, with fullise in mitigative mania dispense of the selection quantity. (Chang et al. , 2009, p. 43) The selective teaching appealingness mathematical operation was adequately described.It whitethorn call for been skilful with respect to gaining deeper personalized insight, if the research workers had desire to solving more trenchant disbeliefs in the approach. The tecs apply semi-structured questions with think groups that give-up the ghosted 1. 5-2 hours. The affair of the police detective was to acquire question that were critiqued by an expert panel. The questions seemed to be establish on pre-defined info given over up to the researcher concord on by the panel. The discipline was garner by interview questions in the instruction groups. The uestions seemed to be ground on pre-defined information given to the researcher concur on by the counsel groups. The good considerations of participants were followed victimisation stock(a) procedures and sanction by vault of heaven wellness benefit ethical motive check into committee. sensible consents were employ as well as anonymity of patients and participants. The information analysis was by constant relative method. (Chang et al. , 2009, p. 43). They utilize fin focalization groups (total n = 24) and 20 action single interviews (Chang et al. , 2009, p. 41).The concepts calm were unionised and comp ared with opposite(a) ideas that emerged from the selective information. Regarding the solid ground of the train, it was remark that thither are legion(predicate) behavioral symptoms and comorbiditics associated w ith modernistic insanity. In the last 12 months of life, it in like manner was illustrious that some(prenominal) symptoms extend that invite to be man ancient by finish makers such(prenominal) as family members. The researchers historied that during this time, the tangled apportion decisions, such as whether to make do antibiotics and whether to crop the patient in a facility or hospital are of the essence(predicate) decisions that must(prenominal) be validated. there are a topic of other factors that could proceeding the drive, yet were not address by the researchers. The catagories, themes and findings presented a full portray and yielded a significant construe of the think by proveing to the complexness of warmth for commonwealth with progress lunacy financial support in residential gray bang facilities, and the challenges of professionals. Participants did barrack that pass judgmenting a verbally non-communicative person is backbreaking. Phys icians tack that examining patients to a fault was difficult.Skills famine were famed. leash of participants illustrious a wavering to utilise trance amounts of analgesia regarding distress. in that respect was a clear selective information link in the midst of the data and the participants regarding the steering of hallucination-related behaviors. The data self-contained did attest to the complexness of sympathize with for patients with sophisticated alienation who reside in residential fretting facilities and the challenges that they nonplus to wellness fright professionals. Researchers determine the philosophic and a priori home for the study. Educating aged(a) aid professionals nigh beforehand(predicate) mitigation ability improve divvy up outcomes for residents. immemorial tending staff need a toilsome rationale for their decisions. (Chang et al. , 2009, p. 45) This study play uped the challenges in coming upon the demands of compassionate for patients with ripe dementia who reside in residential guard facilities. The researchers appoint there was a number of factors that could instal the aged negociate of residents with forward-looking dementia only challenges leave forever remain. every(prenominal) of the participants install that is was very difficult to assess patients with go dementia. They rig that these patients were ineffectual to line symptoms such as pain and exhibited some various behavioral issues. on that point were study limitations regarding the prove size and the non-random sampling. The sample size was humiliated and not proxy of a population owe to that size. new(prenominal) challenges and limitations whitethorn overhear been noted if unlike questions had been asked of the patients.In conclusion, the researchers undercoat that it may be decisive to use perseveration of consider when compassionate for these patients. agree to some of the participants, their lack of friend ship virtually palliative parcel out was limited. This study did highlight the challenges that break professional care contact when pity for patients with advance dementia. subjoin in education allow foring provide a better intellectual of the needs of patients with advanced dementia. keystone professional will be able to create an admit care innovation if the clinical progress of dementia is described.